tenses

A. PRESENT

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
a. Kalimat Verbal ( menggunakan kata kerja)

(+) Subjek + verb I + s / es
(-) Subjek + do / does + not + verb I
(?) Do / Does + Subjek + verb I ?

b. Kalimat Nominal (tidak menggunakan kata kerja)
(+) Subjek + am / is / are + non verb
(-) Subjek + am / is / are + not + non verb
(?) Am / Is / Are + Subjek + non verb ?


2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) Subjek + am / is / are + verb Ing
(-) Subjek + am / is / are + not + verb Ing
(?) am / is / are + Subjek + verb Ing ?


3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
a. Kalimat verbal

(+) Subjek + have / has + verb III
(-) Subjek + have / has + not + verb III
(?) Have / Has + subjek + verb III ?

b. Kalimat nominal
(+) Subjek + have / has + been + non verb
(-) Subjek have / has + not + been + non verb
(?) Have / Has + subjek + been + non verb ?


4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) Subjek + have / has + been + verb Ing
(-) Subjek + have / has + not + been + verb Ing
(?) Have / has + subjek + been + verb Ing ?





B. PAST

1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
a. Kalimat Verbal ( menggunakan kata kerja)

(+) Subjek + verb II
(-) Subjek + did + not + verb I
(?) Did + Subjek + verb I ?

c. Kalimat Nominal (tidak menggunakan kata kerja)
(+) Subjek + was /were + non verb
(-) Subjek + was /were + not + non verb
(?) was /were + Subjek + non verb ?


2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) Subjek + was /were + verb Ing
(-) Subjek + was /were + not + verb Ing
(?) was /were + Subjek + verb Ing ?


3. PAST PERFECT TENSE
a. Kalimat verbal

(+) Subjek + had + verb III
(-) Subjek + had + not + verb III
(?) had + subjek + verb III ?

c. Kalimat nominal
(+) Subjek + had + been + non verb
(-) Subjek + had + not + been + non verb
(?) had + subjek + been + non verb ?


4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) Subjek + had + been + verb Ing
(-) Subjek + had + not + been + verb Ing
(?) had + subjek + been + verb Ing ?





C. FUTURE

1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
a. Kalimat Verbal ( menggunakan kata kerja)

(+) Subjek + will + verb I
(-) Subjek + will + not + verb I
(?) Will + Subjek + verb I ?

d. Kalimat Nominal (tidak menggunakan kata kerja)
(+) Subjek + will + be + non verb
(-) Subjek + will + not + be + non verb
(?) Will + Subjek + be + non verb ?


2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) Subjek + will + be + verb Ing
(-) Subjek + will + not + be + verb Ing
(?) Will + Subjek + be + verb Ing ?


3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
a. Kalimat verbal

(+) Subjek + will + have + verb III
(-) Subjek + will + not + have + verb III
(?) Will + subjek + have + verb III ?

d. Kalimat nominal
(+) Subjek + will + have + been + non verb
(-) Subjek + will + not + have + been + non verb
(?) Will + subjek + have + been + non verb ?


4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(+) Subjek + will + have + been + verb Ing
(-) Subjek + will + not + have + been + verb Ing
(?) Will + subjek + have + been + verb Ing ?





Langkah – langkah membuat kalimat menggunakan tenses:

1. Tentukan Tense :
* masa kini / rutinitas : present
* sedang : continuous
* telah : perfect
* lampau : past
* yang akan datang : future

2. Tentukan apakah :
* kalimat verbal ada kata kerja
* kalimat nominal tidak ada kata kerja (menggunakan kata
benda / sifat / keterangan)

3. Tentukan apakah :
Positif / negatif / tanya