1. IMPERATIVE (COMMAND / REQUEST)
Dalam kalimat imperative, kita menggunakan “to……” (untuk positive imperative) dan “not to……” (untuk negative imperative).
• Positive imperative
Example:
>> He says, “Go away!” (direct sentence)
He asked me to go away (indirect sentence)
>> “Be quiet!” the teacher asks to the students. (direct)
The teacher asked the students to be quiet. (indirect)
>> “Come here”, she says. (direct)
……………………………………………………………………. (indirect)
>> “Close the door”, Ann asked Edi. (direct)
…………………………………………………………………………..(indirect)
• Negative imperative
Example:
>> He said, “Don’t go away!” (direct)
He asked me not to go away. (indirect)
>> “Don’t be lazy” teacher asked the students. (direct)
The teacher asked the students not to be lazy. (indirect)
>> “Don’t come here”, she said (direct)
……………………………………………………………………..(direct)
>> “Don’t throw the waste into the river” Joe told Billie. (direct)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………(indirect)
2. DECLARATIVE ( STATEMENT)
Dalam declarative, terjadi beberapa perubahan susunan:
| DIRECT | INDIRECT |
| 1) TENSES Present Past Past perfect | Past Past perfect Past perfect |
| 2) Kata ganti & milik I You My Our Your | He / she I / he / she / me / him / her His / her Their / our My / his / her |
| 3) Adverb (keterangan waktu/tempat) Now Today Tomorrow Yesterday Next………. Last …………… ……..ago The day before yesterday Here This These | Then That day The next day The day after The following day The day before The previous day The ………….after The following………….. The ………..before The previous………. ………before ………..earlier Two days before There That Those |
Example:
>> Tono:”I will go now” (direct)
Tono said that he would go then. (indirect)
“will” berubah mnejadi “would” (perubahan tense dari present future > past future)
Keterangan waktu “now” berubah menjadi “then”.
>> Father:”I was sick yesterday” (direct)
Father said that he had been sick the day before. (indirect)
“was” berubah menjadi “had been” (perubahan tense dari past > past perfect)
Keterangan waktu “yesterday” berubah menjadi “the day before”.
>> Andi:”I went to Surabaya last week”
Andi said that he ………………………………..to Surabaya ………………………………….
>> Erin:”Andi came here two days ago”
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